Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacteria that is transmitted by wildlife. There are many different serovars or subtypes of which eight are known to infect dogs. In recent years, the most common serovars causing disease in dogs are grippotyphosa, pomona, autumnalis and bratislava. The disease seems to be increasing in prevalence.

The most common way animals become infected with leptospirosis is from direct contact with infected urine. Infection can also occur from exposure to animal bites, ingestion of infected tissues, or contact with contaminated water/soil/bedding/food. The bacteria can enter the body through wounds or abrasions on the skin, mucous membranes, inhalation and ingestion. Most cases occur in late summer or early fall. Incidence of leptospirosis increases after heavy rains because of the stagnant water that often results.

Leptospirosis can affect both the liver and kidneys. Common clinical signs include lethargy, fever, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, depression. If the liver is involved, icterus (jaundice, yellowing of the skin) may occur.

Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics and supportive therapy such as IV fluids. Quick treatment is essential in achieving the best chance of recovery.

There are vaccines available to help prevent Leptospirosis in dogs. The newest generation of vaccines protects against four serovars and chance of an adverse reaction is significantly less than the leptospirosis vaccines of years ago. The first time a dog receives the vaccine, it needs to be boostered a few weeks later, then annually. You can also help prevent Leptospirosis by keeping your dog away from stagnant water sources.

If you have any questions about whether your dog is at risk for Leptospirosis and should be vaccinated, please don’t hesitate to call us at 952-736-8278.